In optics, dispersion is the phenomenon in which the phase
velocity of a wave depends
on its frequency. Media having this common property may be termed dispersive media. Sometimes the
term chromatic dispersion is used for
specificity.
Although the term
is used in the field of optics to describe light and other electromagnetic
waves and for telecommunication signals
along transmission lines or optical fiber.
In optics, one
important and familiar consequence of dispersion is the change in the angle
of refraction of different colors of light, as seen in the spectrum produced by a
dispersive prism and
in chromatic
aberration of lenses.
In some
applications such as telecommunications, the absolute phase of a wave is often
not important but only the propagation of wave packets or
"pulses"; in that case one is interested only in variations of group velocity with
frequency, so-called group-velocity
dispersion.
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