Why so many engineering graduates are unemployed?

Why so many engineering graduates are unemployed? 

This one is the hot question in the current scenario, when the numbers of engineering students are graduating each year. In this article, we encounter this question step by step..

1. Mismatch in interest : 

See, engineering is not the only successful career in today's time; there are plenty of career options. So, if you are not interested in any form of engineering, then it's not necessary that you have to choose engineering still. 

Secondly thing, you have an interest in any particular kind of engineering, but due to trend or societal pressure you are choosing another engineering option and completing this course with the half interest, then it will not go any where. 

See, Engineering is a 4 year course and it has 20+ core oriented subjects and untill you are not enjoying this journey, whether your marks are good or average, but you do not have the learning approach, it will not benefit at all.

2. Mismatch in Practical Approach : 

Engineering is a hard core practical thing but problem in most of the engineering college is that they focus on just theory and theory. Untill the theory is matched with the practical, what's the benefit is ?

See, for example you have learnt each and everything about the cycle, how it handle works, how brakes and paddle works,  parts of the cycle, etc but never saw in laboratory or in real world. In this case you have to cram all the theories in your mind just to write down in the examination.

3. Mismatch in Course Syllabus and Market requirements

  This whole 4 year journey change its path from start to end because the market is changing so rapidly. We have to clear our mind that we are not living in industrial age; now it's an information age. When you enter in the course, something is relevant in market and suppose you expertise in that skill but in the 4 year duration of course, gradually it becomes irrelevant and out of market and now something new is in trending. So we have to be fast paced with the changing market requirements as well as our course syllabus should be engaged the foundation subjects and trending topics or subjects.

     Hope, you all like this article, if you have some another questions or queries, you may ask in the comment section.

Read also : Un-conventional Engineering Courses in 2022-23 and it's future in current scenario

Difference between Engineering and Technology

What is the difference between Engineering and Technology ??

      It's quite possible that you may confuse between Engineering and Technology that both are same or different. They are looking like the same thing but has a fine line difference. 

      Let's discuss on it --

Difference between Engineering and Technology 

 

      Engineering and Technology are two so related terms that some times it confuses.

They are closely related but not the same.

      Engineering can be defined as “the profession in which a knowledge of the mathematics and  science gained by study, experience, and practice is applied with judgment to develop ways to utilize economically the materials and forces of nature for the benefit of mankind.”

     In a simpler tone we can say that Engineering is a kind of practical science where we utilise different kind of materials on basis of their properties, develop a process and try to obtain a product.

Computer Science (CS) or Information Technology (IT) !!! Which is better engineering stream ??

      Technology can be defined as “the branch of knowledge that deals with the creation and use of technical means and their interrelation with life, society and the environment.” 

      In a simpler tone we can say that Technology is a kind of process where we develop a kind of product based upon material properties, process complexities and economical aspects.

So in short,

• Engineering is the mind and effort into making something. 

•Technology is the result of application of this mind and effort.

So, at last finally we can say that, 

Available technology is used to engineer more advanced technology.

Which should I opt in between Mechanical Engineering and Civil Engineering ??

Key Points about Computer Science Engineering

Key Points about Computer Science Engineering (CSE) : In and After Course 

The boom in the Computer Science sector has led to lucrative career opportunities for professionals. With the ever-increasing employment opportunities in this field, the demand for CSE experts has increased.

      In this article, we are analysing in depth in the duration of CSE course and after the completion of CSE course ---  

So, 

What are the main subjects which we study in CSE Course ?

     Major subjects included in any CSE undergraduate degree course are 

• Operating System (OS), 

• Design and Analysis of Algorithm(DAA), 

• Programming Languages (JAVA, python etc.), 

• Data Structure (DS), 

• Microprocessor, 

• Computer Software, 

• Database Management System (DBMS), 

• Software Engineering,

• Compiler Design

• Theory of Computation (TOC)

     etc.

Computer Science (CS) or Information Technology (IT) !!!   Which is better one ??

What are the Job opportunities after completion the CSE Course ?

      This course has a diverse job profiles, some of which in general are as --

• Software Developer :

The role of software developers is to develop applications that enable people to perform specific tasks on a computer or another device.

• System Designer : 

The role of a system designer is to define the architecture, interfaces, and data for a system.

 • System Database Administrator : 

System database administrator mainly oversees the performance, integrity and security of the database. This also includes planning the structure and troubleshooting issues.

• Computer Programmer :

Computer programmers create the code for software applications and operating systems. The code created helps computer applications to run on a computer.

• Lecturer/Professor : 

A computer science lecturer or professor would impart knowledge of the subject. The role will also include teaching students about the nuances of computer applications and designs applicable in the field.

These job verticals are a hot cake right now in industry have a very bright future for CSE students :

• Machine Learning
• Data Engineering/Mining
• Web Development
• Mobile Application Development
• Software Engineering
• Systems Architect

 If you need any further guidance or help or any engineering subjects classes we are here to assist you.

But,

        Always keep in mind whatever stream you are choosing, it should be in your character. Don't just blindly follow the friends, siblings or society because finally you have to go with that stream in next 4 years course duration and afterthat.

Click here to know about the 

Top Engineering streams  in 2022 - 23

Which one is better in Civil Engineering and Mechanical Engineering ??

Which should I opt in between Mechanical Engineering and Civil Engineering ??

or

Which one is better in Civil and Mechanical Engineering ??

     These are some of the probable question which may be arisen in mind in admission or counselling time. So, in this article we are going to discuss about these two ----

* Civil engineering primarily based on construction, maintenance and repair of building, bridges, roads or highways, canal including dams. 

* On other hand mechanical engineering deals with operation of machines, engines, maintenance and repair of machines, smooth working of industrial plants.

Is Engineering Mathematics difficult ??

Is civil engineering better than mechanical ?

         It depends on your interest & capability. Both are the core branches & good scope in its own field so you can choose as per your convenience. 

      

        If you love structures  or civil works and want to involve yourself in it, you may go for Civil.

       If you passionate about material properties, strength and make use of new materials or design new machine structures, you may go for Mechanical.

Click here to know about the 

Top Engineering streams  in 2022 - 23

Is Civil engineering harder than Mechanical engineering ?

or

Is Mechanical engineering tougher than Civil engineering ?

        Both Mechanical and Civil engineering are difficult degrees, these engineering courses have many conceptual subjects, which include theory + numeriacls and in some way some of them are very far apart from each other. So in a sincere note, these subjects will be very interesting for you to study but you must work very hard to succeed in them. 

Computer Science (CS) or Information Technology (IT) !!!   Which is better one ??

        If you need any further guidance or help or any engineering subjects classes we are here to assist you.

But,

        Always keep in mind whatever stream you are choosing, it should be in your character. Don't just blindly follow the friends, siblings or society because finally you have to go with that stream in next 4 years course duration and afterthat.

Biotechnology and it's Scope in 2022

Biotechnology and it's Scope in 2022

        At the time of selection of college and streams, if you are confused which stream should be chosen...if it will be right option or not...if it has future or not...

       Then we are here to discuss about some engineering option one by one in our blog...

       So, in this article we are going to discuss about Biotechnology..

        Biotechnology is everywhere, it helps us to improve our lives and leads us to a healthier world. It is an inclusion of Chemistry with Biology. This field is highly research oriented, vast and diverse and  still developing in our country, so you can get it's full advantage in upcoming future.

        At present, there are numbers of research institutes conducting research on Cancer, Stem cell, Genetics etc. Other than that there are numbers of Pharma companies for example Cipla, Candila, Ranbaxy etc where there is a plenty of need.

         If you need any further guidance or help or any engineering subjects classes we are here to assist you..

But,

        Always keep in mind whatever stream you are choosing, it should be in your character. Don't just blindly follow the friends, siblings or society because finally you have to go with that stream in next 4 years course duration and afterthat.

Aerospace Engineering and it's Scope in 2022

Aerospace Engineering and it's Scope in 2022

At the time of selection of college and streams, if you are confused which stream should be chosen...if it will be right option or not...if it has future or not...

      Then we are here to discuss about some engineering option one by one in our blog...

      So, in this article we are going to discuss about Aerospace Engineering.

 

       Since the aviation and space industry is growing at a massive pace, there are numerous job opportunities in multiple spheres for qualified aerospace engineers.

      Aerospace engineering is the primary field of engineering concerned with the development of aircraft and spacecraft and it concerned with the design, development, testing and production of aircraft, spacecraft and all related systems and equipments.

        Aerospace Engineers work mainly in the aerospace industry, corporate labs and  government labs, universities.        

         If you need any further guidance or help or any engineering subjects classes we are here to assist you..

But 

        Always keep in mind whatever stream you are choosing, it should be in your character. Don't just blindly follow the friends, siblings or society because finally you have to go with that stream in next 4 years course duration and afterthat.

Civil Engineering and it's Scope in 2022

Civil Engineering and it's Scope in 2022

      At the time of selection of college and streams, if you are confused which stream should be chosen...if it will be right option or not...if it has future or not...

      Then we are here to discuss about some engineering option one by one in our blog...

      So, in this article we are going to discuss about Civil Engineering.

     

  

     Civil Engineering is a widely structured discipline or you can say engineering stream to study the concept of design, construct and maintain the infrastructure systems and projects whether it's a bridge, highway or a building.

     You have a series of government and private sectors in your line-up, 

For example : 

   • PWD,

   • ONGC,

   • NHAI,

   • Electricity Boards,

   • Railways

   • Township Planning,

   • Construction Companies

            & so on....

 

    

     You have list of various roles which you can play after completing your 4 years BE/B.Tech Course or 3 years Engineering Diploma course...

      • Civil Engineer

      • Structural Engineer

      •  Project Engineer

      • Site Engineer

      • Geotechnical Engineer

      • Surveyor

              & so on....

      If you need any further guidance or help or any engineering subjects classes we are here to assist you..

 

    But 

        Always keep in mind whatever stream you are choosing, it should be in your character. Don't just blindly follow the friends, siblings or society because finally you have to go with that stream in next 4 years course duration and afterthat.

Electrical Engineering and it's Scope in 2022

   Electrical Engineering & it's Scope in 2022 - 23

     At the time of selection of college and streams, if you are confused which stream should be chosen...if it will be right option or not...if it has future or not...

      Then we are here to discuss about some engineering option one by one in our blog...

     So, in this article we are going to discuss about Electrical Engineering.

  

    Electrical engineering is a promising career option for young professionals as there are literally thousands of job opportunities available in the field. Electrical engineers focus on the study of the physics and mathematics of electricity, electronics, and electromagnetism. They apply this knowledge to design, develop, produce, and work to improve every kind of electrical equipment imaginable.

     You have a series of industries in your line-up, For example : 

   • Manufacturing industries,  

   • Automotive, 

   • Marine, 

   • Railroad, 

   • Aerospace, 

   • Defense, 

   • Consumer electronics, 

   • Commercial construction, 

   • Computers and components, 

   • Telecommunications 

   • Transportation departments 

        & so on....

    So, basically in short where power and electricity are involved, there is a need of Electrical Engineer.

   

But 

    Always keep in mind whatever stream you are choosing, it should be in your character. Don't just blindly follow the friends, siblings or society because finally you have to go with that stream in next 4 years course duration and afterthat.

     If you need any further guidance or help or any engineering subjects classes we are here to assist you..

Chemical Engineering and it's Scope in 2023

   Chemical Engineering & it's Scope 

      At the time of selection of college and streams, if you are confused which stream should be chosen...if it will be right option or not...if it has future or not...

      Then we are here to discuss about some  engineering option one by one in our blog...

    

    So, in this article we are going to discuss about Chemical Engineering.

    

    Chemical Engineering is very old and relevant engineering stream although it is not so fashionable according to today's trends but it was, is and will be always in moderate demand. 

   Basically it deals with the principles of Chemistry and other branches of Science to change raw product into useful one.

 

   Chemical Engineers are responsible for wide range of responibilities like --

• Analyse and monitor the process and performance of methods of production

• Supervision of manufacturing plants and equipments 

• Establishing safe working conditions within chemical industries

• Processing of food and agricultural commodities, cosmetics etc.

      & so on...

     You have a series of industries in your line-up, For example : 

• Chemial Plants

• Pharmaceutials

• Paper & Pulp Industry

• Textile Industry

• Research 

     & so on...

    So, basically in short, where a series of process are involved, there is a need of chemical engineers. 

  But 

    Always keep in mind whatever stream you are choosing, it should be in your character. Don't just blindly follow the friends, siblings or society because finally you have to go with that stream in next 4 years course duration and afterthat.

     If you need any further  guidance or help or any engineering subjects classes we are here to assist you..

Mechanical Engineering and it's Scope in 2022

Mechanical Engineering and it's Scope 

     At the time of selection of college and streams, if you are confused which stream should be chosen...if it will be right option or not...if it has future or not...

    Then we are here to discuss about some  engineering option one by one in our blog...

    So, in this article we are going to discuss about Mechanical Engineering.

    Mechanical Engineering is very old and relevant engineering stream although it is not so fashionable according to today's trends but it was, is and will be always in moderate demand. 

   Mechanical engineering contain very diverse field, after completing your 4 years B.E./B.Tech course or 3 years Diploma course, your doors are opened for as a --

   • Production Engineer

   • Maintenance Engineer

   • Automobile Engineer

   • Project Engineer 

You have a series of industries in your line-up, For example : 

   • Power Plants like NTPC 

   • Oil and Gas Industry like ONGC

   • Manufacturing Industry

   • Automobile Industry

   • Aerospace 

   • Chemical Industry

   • Railways & it's coach factories

   • Coal & Mining Industry

   • Steel Industry  

   • Robotics

   • Paper & Pulp Industry

   • Cement Industry 

   • Paints Industry

   • Textile Industry 

          & so on....

     Other than these you can apply in Indian Forces and Defence as well as.. 

     So, basically in short, where a series of machines are involved, there is a need of mechanical engineers whether it's a role of as a  production engineer (to manufacture or produce some product) or as a maintenance engineer (to maintain the machine properly). 

     If you need any further  guidance or help or any engineering subjects classes we are here to assist you..

Top Engineering streams in 2023 - 24

Top Engineering streams  in 2023-24

   If you are now in the race of final selection of engineering college and engineering streams; then ofcourse the one question regularly strikes you.

   Which engineering stream should I choose ??

So, we are going to inform you about the top 5 engineering streams which is going to boost in next 4 - 5 years..

1.  Computer Science & it's allied branches : No doubt, it is a hot cake in today's scenerio. It is in high demand and have best packages right now.

To read in detail click here : click here 

2.  Mechanical Engineering : To run a machine surely with automation you should have a machine and have a detailed information about the machine. So this is the core area of a mechanical engineers. It was, is and will be always in a moderate demand. 

  To read in detail about the scope of Mechanical Engineering : click here 

3. Electrical Engineering : To run the whole industry with power, you should have the bench strength of electrical engineers. So, in today's scenerio electricity is everywhere, so the role of electrical engineers is also everywhere. Again it was, is and will be always in moderate demand.

To read in detail about the current scope : click here 

4. Chemical Engineering : Surely, it has less  quantity but contain high quality job opportunities. Whether it's a manufacturing industry or food processing industry or oil and gas industry or fertilizer industry, a company always need chemical engineers.

To read in details : click here 

5. Agricultural Engineering : It is not in current 2022 but it will surely take a long jump in upcoming years. Then these agricultural engineers will be in high demand who can involve efficiently science and technology into agriculture. 

To read in details : you may click here 

    So, these are the 5 top engineering streams which are and will be in demand in upcoming years. 

  But always keep in mind whatever stream you are choosing, it should be in your character. Don't just blindly follow the friends, siblings or society because finally you have to go with that stream in next 4 years course duration and afterthat.

What is the "Casting" Process !!! and how these are performed ???

Casting is a fabrication process whereby a totally molten metal is poured into a mold cavity having the desired shape; upon solidification, the metal assumes the shape of the mold but experiences some shrinkage. 

Casting techniques are employed when (1) the finished shape is so large or complicated that any other method would be impractical, (2) a particular alloy is so low in ductility that forming by either hot or cold working would be difficult, and (3) in comparison to other fabrication processes, casting is the most economical. 

Furthermore, the final step in the refining of even ductile metals may involve a casting process. A number of different casting techniques are commonly employed, including sand, die, investment, and continuous casting. Only a cursory treatment of each of these is offered.

                                                

                                                   

INVESTMENT CASTING

For investment (sometimes called lost-wax) casting, the pattern is made from a wax or plastic that has a low melting temperature. Around the pattern is poured a fluid slurry, which sets up to form a solid mold or investment; plaster of paris is usually used. The mold is then heated, such that the pattern melts and is burned out, leaving behind a mold cavity having the desired shape. This technique is employed when high dimensional accuracy, reproduction of fine detail, and an excellent finish are required—for example, in jewelry and dental crowns and inlays. Also, blades for gas turbines and jet engine impellers are investment cast.

 

CONTINUOUS CASTING

At the conclusion of extraction processes, many molten metals are solidified by casting into large ingot molds. The ingots are normally subjected to a primary hot rolling operation, the product of which is a flat sheet or slab; these are more convenient shapes as starting points for subsequent secondary metal-forming operations (i.e., forging, extrusion, drawing). These casting and rolling steps may be combined by a continuous casting (sometimes also termed ‘‘strand casting’’) process. Using this technique, the refined and molten metal is cast directly into a continuous strand which may have either a rectangular or circular cross section; solidification occurs in a water-cooled die having the desired cross-sectional geometry. The chemical composition and mechanical properties are more uniform throughout the cross sections for continuous castings than for ingot-cast products. Furthermore, continuous casting is highly automated and more efficient.

 In previous blog, we have discussed about the other casting processes..you can read the blog at here

 https://academyofengineers.blogspot.com/2020/06/what-is-casting-process-and-how-these.html

For more engineering topics or query : contact us

 

What is the "Casting" Process !!! and how these are performed ???

                                               

Casting is a fabrication process whereby a totally molten metal is poured into a mold cavity having the desired shape; upon solidification, the metal assumes the shape of the mold but experiences some shrinkage. Casting techniques are employed when (1) the finished shape is so large or complicated that any other method would be impractical, (2) a particular alloy is so low in ductility that forming by either hot or cold working would be difficult, and (3) in comparison to other fabrication processes, casting is the most economical. Furthermore, the final step in the refining of even ductile metals may involve a casting process. A number of different casting techniques are commonly employed, including sand, die, investment, and continuous casting. Only a cursory treatment of each of these is offered.

                                    

SAND CASTING

With sand casting, probably the most common method, ordinary sand is used as the mold material. A two-piece mold is formed by packing sand around a pattern that has the shape of the intended casting. Furthermore, a gating system is usually incorporated into the mold to expedite the flow of molten metal into the cavity and to minimize internal casting defects. Sand-cast parts include automotive cylinder blocks, fire hydrants, and large pipe fittings.

 

DIE CASTING

In die casting, the liquid metal is forced into a mold under pressure and at a relatively high velocity, and allowed to solidify with the pressure maintained. A two-piece permanent steel mold or die is employed; when clamped together, the two pieces form the desired shape. When complete solidification has been achieved, the die pieces are opened and the cast piece is ejected. Rapid casting rates are possible, making this an inexpensive method; furthermore, a single set of dies may be used for thousands of castings. However, this technique lends itself only to relatively small pieces and to alloys of zinc, aluminum, and magnesium, which have low melting temperatures.

In next blog, we have discussed about the other casting processes..

you may read the blog in detail

https://academyofengineers.blogspot.com/2020/06/what-is.html

For more engineering topics or query : contact us

 

 

 

The Classification of Engineering Materials

CLASSIFICATION OF MATERIALS

 

Solid materials have been conveniently grouped into three basic classifications - metals, ceramics, and polymers. This scheme is based primarily on chemical makeup and atomic structure, and most materials fall into one distinct grouping or another, although there are some intermediates. In addition, there are three other groups of important engineering materials—composites, semiconductors, and biomaterials.

 

A brief explanation of the material types and representative characteristics can be given as ---

 

METALS

Metallic materials are normally combinations of metallic elements. They have large numbers of non-localized electrons; that is, these electrons are not bound to particular atoms. Many properties of metals are directly attributable to these electrons. Metals are extremely good conductors of electricity and heat and are not transparent to visible light; a polished metal surface has a lustrous appearance. Furthermore, metals are quite strong, yet deformable, which accounts for their extensive use in structural applications.

 

CERAMICS

Ceramics are compounds between metallic and nonmetallic elements; they are most frequently oxides, nitrides, and carbides. The wide range of materials that falls within this classification includes ceramics that are composed of clay minerals, cement, and glass. These materials are typically insulative to the passage of electricity and heat, and are more resistant to high temperatures and harsh environments than metals and polymers. With regard to mechanical behavior, ceramics are hard but very brittle.

 

POLYMERS

Polymers include the familiar plastic and rubber materials. Many of them are organic compounds that are chemically based on carbon, hydrogen, and other nonmetallic elements; furthermore, they have very large molecular structures. These materials typically have low densities and may be extremely flexible.

                                

COMPOSITES

A number of composite materials have been engineered that consist of more than one material type. Fiberglass is a familiar example, in which glass fibers are embedded within a polymeric material. A composite is designed to display a combination of the best characteristics of each of the component materials. Fiberglass acquires strength from the glass and flexibility from the polymer. Many of the recent material developments have involved composite materials.

 

 SEMICONDUCTORS

Semiconductors have electrical properties that are intermediate between the electrical conductors and insulators. Furthermore, the electrical characteristics of these materials are extremely sensitive to the presence of minute concentrations of impurity atoms, which concentrations may be controlled over very small spatial regions. The semiconductors have made possible the advent of integrated circuitry that has totally revolutionized the electronics and computer industries (not to mention our lives) over the past two decades.

 

BIOMATERIALS

Biomaterials are employed in components implanted into the human body forreplacement of diseased or damaged body parts. These materials must not produce toxic substances and must be compatible with body tissues (i.e., must not cause adverse biological reactions).

 

For engineering topics or content or subjects related query : comment us or visit on https://www.academyofengineers.in

What are the assumptions of "quantum free electron theory" ?

 In 1929, Somerfield stated to apply quantum mechanics to explain conductivity phenomenon in metal. He has improved the Drude - Lorentz theory by quantizing the free electron energy and retained the classical concept of free motion of electron at a random.

 ASSUMPTIONS:-

·         The electrons are free to move within the metal like gaseous molecules. They are confined to the metal due to surface potential.

·         The velocity distribution of the free electrons is described by Fermi-Dirac Statistics because electrons are spin half particles.

·         The free electrons would go into the different energy levels by following Pauli’s exclusion Principle which states that no two electrons have same set of Quantum numbers.

·         The motion of electrons is associated with a complex wave called matter wave, according to De-Broglie hypothesis.

·         The electrons cannot have all energies but will have discrete energies according to the equation, E = n² h² / 8ma².

 

Drawbacks:

Conductivity: According to Quantum free electron theory, the conductivity of a metal is

σ = μne, here ‘μ’ is the mobility of electrons, ‘n’ is the free electron concentration and ‘e’ is the electron charge.

According to the above equation, polyvalent metals like Aluminum (Al) should be more conductive than monovalent metals like copper (Cu). But experimentally it is not so.

 Hall coefficient: According to the free electron theory, the hall coefficients for all metals is negative where as there are certain metals like Be, Cd, Zn for which the Hall coefficient is + ve. Free electron theory could not explain why certain substances behave as insulators and some other substances as semiconductors; in spite of they have free electrons in them.

 For more engineering topics discussion or any kind of assistance: feel free to contact us…https://academyofengineers.in

 

 

How a Stepper Motor works ???

See,

Basically the stepper motor is an electromechanical device which converts electrical power into mechanical power. Also it is a brushless, synchronous electric motor that can divide a full rotation into an expansive number of steps. The motor’s position can be controlled accurately without any feedback mechanism, as long as the motor is carefully sized to the application. Stepper motors are similar to switched reluctance motors.

 

The stepper motor uses the theory of operation for magnets to make the motor shaft turn a precise distance when a pulse of electricity is provided. The stator has eight poles, and the rotor has six poles. The rotor will require 24 pulses of electricity to move the 24 steps to make one complete revolution. Another way to say this is that the rotor will move precisely 15° for each pulse of electricity that the motor receives.

 

For more engineering topics discussion or any kind of assistance: feel free to contact us…https://academyofengineers.in

#EngineeringAssistance; #EngineeringTopics #EngineeringDiscussion #StepperMotor; #ElectricMotors

Let’s talk about MEMORY !!!!

Let’s talk about MEMORY !!!!

 

Memory Hierarchy

A memory unit is the collection of storage units or devices together. The memory unit stores the binary information in the form of bits. Generally, memory/storage is classified into 2 categories:

●       Volatile Memory: This loses its data, when power is switched off.

●       Non-Volatile Memory: This is a permanent storage and does not lose any data when power is switched off.

 The total memory capacity of a computer can be visualized by hierarchy of components. The memory hierarchy system consists of all storage devices contained in a computer system from the slow Auxiliary Memory to fast Main Memory and to smaller Cache memory.

 

 

Auxillary memory access time is generally 1000 times that of the main memory, hence it is at the bottom of the hierarchy.

 

 The main memory occupies the central position because it is equipped to communicate directly with the CPU and with auxiliary memory devices through Input/output processor (I/O).

 When the program not residing in main memory is needed by the CPU, they are brought in from auxiliary memory.

 Programs not currently needed in main memory are transferred into auxiliary memory to provide space in main memory for other programs that are currently in use.

 The cache memory is used to store program data which is currently being executed in the CPU. Approximate access time ratio between cache memory and main memory is about 1 to 7~10

 

For more engineering topics discussion or any kind of assistance: feel free to contact us…https://academyofengineers.in