What is exactly Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle?

Let's start discuss on it---

According to Classical mechanics, a moving particle at any instant has fixed position in space and definite momentum which can be determined simultaneously with any desired accuracy. This assumption is true for objects of appreciable size, but fails in particles of atomic dimensions.

 

·         Since a moving atomic particle has to be regarded as a de-Broglie wave group, there is a limit to measure particle properties.

·         If the group is considered to be narrow, it is easier to locate its position, but the uncertainty in calculating its velocity and momentum increases.

·         If the group is wide, its momentum is estimated easily, but there is great uncertainty about the exact location of the particle.

 

Heisenberg a German scientist in 1927, gave uncertainty principle which states that “The determination of exact position and momentum of a moving particle simultaneously is impossible’’.

In general, if △x represents the error in measurement of position of particle along x-axis, and △p represents error in measurement of momentum, then

                                                                              △x. △p = h

Or limitation to find the position and momentum of a particle is

                                                                           (△x).(△p) ≥ h/4π

i.e. Heisenberg uncertainty principle states that both the position and momentum  cannot be measured simultaneously with perfect accuracy.

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Let's discuss today about the “DEVELOPMENT OF MICROSTRUCTURES IN IRON–CARBON ALLOYS”

Today we talk about the “DEVELOPMENT OF MICROSTRUCTURES IN IRON–CARBON ALLOYS”.

Phase changes that occur upon passing from the ϒ region into the ∝ + Fe₃C phase field are relatively complex. 

Consider, for example, an alloy of eutectoid composition (0.76 wt% C) as it is cooled from a temperature within the ϒ phase region, say, 800˚C, that is, beginning at point a and moving down the vertical line xx’. Initially, the alloy is composed entirely of the austenite phase having a composition of 0.76 wt% C and corresponding microstructure. As the alloy is cooled, there will occur no changes until the eutectoid temperature (727˚C) is reached.

 

The microstructure for this eutectoid steel that is slowly cooled through the eutectoid temperature consists of alternating layers or lamellae of the two phases (∝ and Fe₃C) that form simultaneously during the transformation. In this case, the relative layer thickness is approximately 8 to 1. This microstructure point b, is called pearlite because it has the appearance of mother of pearl when viewed under the microscope at low magnifications.

 

 

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Do you know the meaning of "Dispersion" in Optics ???

In optics, dispersion is the phenomenon in which the phase velocity of a wave depends on its frequency. Media having this common property may be termed dispersive media. Sometimes the term chromatic dispersion is used for specificity.

Although the term is used in the field of optics to describe light and other electromagnetic waves and for telecommunication signals along transmission lines or optical fiber.

                                                         

In optics, one important and familiar consequence of dispersion is the change in the angle of refraction of different colors of light,  as seen in the spectrum produced by a dispersive prism and in chromatic aberration of lenses.

In some applications such as telecommunications, the absolute phase of a wave is often not important but only the propagation of wave packets or "pulses"; in that case one is interested only in variations of group velocity with frequency, so-called group-velocity dispersion.

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Do you know about Laser Holography ???

Actually in conventional photography a negative is made first and using it a positive print is produced later. The positive print is only a two-dimensional record of light intensity received from a three-dimensional object. It contains information about the square of the amplitude of the light wave is not recorded and is lost.

According to this technique both the phase and intensity attributes of the wave are recorded and when viewed the photograph shows a three-dimensional image of the object. This technique is named holography.

Holography is a two-state process. In the first stage a hologram is recorded in the form of interference pattern. In the second stage the hologram acts as a diffraction grating for the reconstruction beam and the image of the project is reconstructed from the hologram.

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Do you know about CAPP ???

What is Computer Aided Process Planning (CAPP)?

A set of inter related work activities that are characterized by a set of specific inputs and value added tasks that produce a set of specific output is called ‘process’ and ‘process planning’ refers to a set of instructions that are used to make a component or a part so that the design specifications are met. 

     The manual experience based process planning method is most widely used. The biggest problem with this approach is that it is time consuming and the plans developed over a period of time may not be consistent.

                               

Computer aided process planning (CAPP) is able to handle comfortably the complex task of viewing the total operation as an integrated system. In CAPP, all the individual operations and steps involved in making each part or component are coordinated with each other and are performed efficiently and reliably. CAPP is a powerful tool for efficiently planning and scheduling manufacturing operations.

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New trends that can help shape the future of Engineering

Digital adoption is a massive opportunity for companies that leverage the right technologies

 

Cloud Computing

The majority of companies have or will be using some aspect of Cloud computing. The future of Cloud computing will straddle both private and public clouds, adding new challenges to the role of IT.

                                                       

Artificial intelligence (AI)

AI enables producers to make sense of the overwhelming data that their factories, operations and consumers generate, and to transform that data into meaningful decisions.

 

Applying AI to the connectivity of Internet of Things (IoT), producers are able to orchestrate and streamline business processes from desktops to machines, across department walls and tiers of suppliers.

 

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Do you have any idea "What is VLSI" ????

What is VLSI ????

 

What is ??

Very-large-scale integration (VLSI) is the process of creating an integrated circuit (IC) by combining thousands of transistors into a single chip. An electronic circuit might consist of a CPU, ROM and RAM. VLSI lets IC designers add all of these into one chip.

Where is ??

VLSI circuits are used everywhere, real applications include microprocessors in a personal computer or workstation, chips in a graphic card, digital camera or camcorder, chips in a cell phone or a portable computing device, and embedded processors in an automobile.

Opportunities ??

Yaa Ofcourse !!

VLSI professionals are always in high demand in the fast-changing chip designing industry.

 

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Which stream do I select in Engineering ???

Many students are choosing to focus their education and career goals in one of the fields of engineering and with a good reason: employment opportunities for many types of engineers are expected to grow significantly over the next decade.

We will discuss some of the hot trending engineering sectors in this blog.

ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING

Environmental engineers are generally tasked with applying engineering ideas and principles, as well as those related to soil science in order to develop solutions to issues posed by the environment. Types of projects on which an environmental engineering might work include those aimed at improving waste disposal, water treatment, recycling, public health and even air pollution.

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BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING

Biomedical engineering is a growing field that exists at the intersection of medicine and engineering. The students who choose to tackle this demanding career will have the opportunity to save many and advance life saving and quality of life improving techniques throughout the span of their working and researching lives.

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COMPUTER SCIENCE

Computer science is highly mathematical and more theoretical than Software engineering. There are lots of folds and certainly CS majors will do their fair share of coding and analyzing.

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For furthermore engineering field in details, we will explore in the next blog.

Thanks for your patience for reading this blog.

Which stream do I select in Engineering ???

Many students are choosing to focus their education and career goals in one of the fields of engineering and with a good reason: employment opportunities for many types of engineers are expected to grow significantly over the next decade.

We will discuss some of the hot trending engineering sectors in this blog.

PETROLEUM ENGINEERING

While a growing number of industries are looking to cleaner forms of energy, there still is an overall dependence on fossil fuels and the work of petroleum engineers. Petroleum engineers are responsible for designing and developing ways to extract oil and gas from deposits beneath the ground. Furthermore, some petroleum engineers focus on discovering new ways to extract oil and gas from older wells already in existence.

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INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING

The work of an industrial engineer is generally focused on the concept of efficiency in production. An industrial engineer may be tasked with developing efficient systems that integrate workers, machines, information, materials and energy in the creation of a product or the provision of a specific service.

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COMPUTER HARDWARE ENGINEERING

Computer hardware engineers generally research, design, develop and test computer systems, as well as components such as processors, memory devices, networks, circuit boards, and routers. Many perform detailed research to help advance the field of computer systems.

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For furthermore engineering field, We will explore in the next blog.

Thanks for your patience for reading this blog.

Do you know what is the purpose of cooling water circuit in Steam power plant ??

Do you know what is the purpose of cooling water circuit in Steam power plant ??

The quantity of cooling water required to condense the steam is considerably large and is taken from lake, river or sea. 

The cooling water is taken from upstream side of the river, it is passed through the condenser and the heated water is discharged at downstream side of the river. Such a system of cooling water supply is possible if adequate cooling water is available throughout the year. The system is known as Open System. 

When the adequate water is not available, then the water coming out from the condenser is cooled in either cooling pond or cooling tower. The cooling is affected by partly evaporating the water. This evaporation loss (including carry over) is nearly 2% - 5% of the cooling water circulated in the system. To compensate this evaporation loss, the water from the river or other sources has to be continuously supplied. The water from the cooling tower or the cooling pond is again supplied to the condenser. This system is known as Closed System.

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Do you know how optical fibres work !!!!

Optical fibres are glass or plastics as thin as human hair, designed to guide light waves along their length. 

Actually an optical fibre works on the principle of total internal reflection. When light enters through one end of the fibre it undergoes successive total internal reflections from side wall and travels down the length of the fibre along a zigzag path. 

A small fraction of light may escape through side walls but a major fraction emerges out from the other end of the fibre.

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Do You Know the difference between Truss and Beam ???

About Truss and Beams

Truss is a structure of connected elements forming triangular units, and a bridge whose load-bearing superstructure is composed of a truss is a truss bridge. The truss members like chords, verticals, and diagonals act only in either tension or compression. Short-span truss bridges are built as simply supported, while the large span truss bridges are generally built as continuous supported.

Beam is a structural element that primarily resists loads applied laterally to the beam's axis. The loads applied to the beam result in reaction forces at the beam's support points. The total effect of all the forces acting on the beam is to produce shear forces and bending moment within the beam, that in turn induce internal stresses, strains and deflections of the beam.

What is the purpose of cooling water circuit in Steam power plant ??

What is the purpose of cooling water circuit in Steam power plant ??

Cooling Water Circuit:

The quantity of cooling water required to condense the steam is considerably large and is taken from lake, river or sea. The cooling water is taken from upstream side of the river, it is passed through the condenser and the heated water is discharged at downstream side of the river. Such a system of cooling water supply is possible if adequate cooling water is available throughout the year. The system is known as Open System. When the adequate water is not available, then the water coming out from the condenser is cooled in either cooling pond or cooling tower. The cooling is affected by partly evaporating the water. This evaporation loss (including carry over) is nearly 2% - 5% of the cooling water circulated in the system. To compensate this evaporation loss, the water from the river or other sources has to be continuously supplied. The water from the cooling tower or the cooling pond is again supplied to the condenser. This system is known as Closed System.

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What is the role of a carburetor in an engine ??

What is the role of  a carburetor in an engine ??

Carburetor is a mixing device to supply the engine with air-fuel mixture. It atomizes the fuel and mixes it with air in varying proportions to meet the changing operating conditions of the engine. It is required to have the following characteristics –

1.  To meter and supply the proper quantity and proportion of air and fuel at correct strength at all conditions of load and speed of the engine for –

·         Starting from cold

·         Providing a rich mixture for slow idling

·         Providing a rich mixture for acceleration

·         Providing a rich mixture for high speed

·         Providing a rich mixture for low speed when moving up a gradient

2.  To operate satisfactorily on levels and hills

3. To overcome air-cleaner restrictions

4.  To withstand vibrations and road jerks.

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Do you know some basic terms about Internal Combustion Engine ???

Do you know some basic terms about Internal Combustion Engine ???

Octane number: It is an index to measure the ignition quality of a fuel for spark ignition (SI) engine. An engine using high ON fuel has greater resistance to detonation and runs smoothly.

Cetane number: It is an index to measure the antiknock quality of compression ignition (CI) engine fuel. It is a scale for comparing the ignition delay angle of various diesel fuels.

Bore: The inside diameter of the cylinder is called bore.

Engine noise: it depends on the peak pressure in the engine. It affects the low frequency noise. As the peak pressure in the engine remains the same irrespective of the load on the engine, lower frequency noise is lower than in constant compression ratio engine.

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What is exactly Draught System in Boiler ????

Draught System in Boiler:

The draught system is basically used in boilers due to the reasons ---

1. To supply to the furnace the required quantity of air for complete combustion

2. To remove the gaseous products of combustion from the furnace and throw these through chimney

FD Fan: The FD fan or blower is installed near or at the base of the boiler to force the air through the cool bed and other passages through the furnace; it creates a positive pressure in the furnace and overcomes the resistance in the air pre-heater and grate.

ID Fan: The ID Fan is located at or near the base of the chimney and it provides negative pressure in the furnace and flues. It overcomes draught losses through boiler, economizer, and air pre-heater and the connecting flues. Its function is similar to that of the natural draught.

     There is a minimum amount of air, which is required by the fuel to burn completely. But always air in excess is used because whole of the air supplied for combustion purpose does not come in contact with the fuel completely and as such a portion of the fuel may be left unburnt. 

But if a large quantity of excess air is used, it exercises a cooling effect on combustion products. Hence a proper control of the right amount of excess air has to be maintained for optimum combustion efficiency. This can be ensured when the smoke from the chimney becomes just visible.

Do you know about higher education system in India ????

Higher Education System in India

India’s higher education system is highly centralized and undergoing large changes since its inception in 1947. Largely based upon the British system of education, educational policy is ever-developing.

The All-India Council of Technical Education (AICTE) was also esta

blished to oversee quality control of technical education and regulate establishment of new private professional colleges.

Admission to undergraduate courses generally requires completion of the Standard XII years of schooling and admittance to university depends almost exclusively upon performance on the examination.

Beginning in 2015, the Choice Based Credit System (CBCS) was introduced by the UGC in attempts to encourage a more interdisciplinary approach to education and offer more flexibility and choice to students. The reform also introduced a standardized assessment and grading plan based upon a 10 point scale.

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Why technical education is important ??

Technical Education in India

What is ??

Technical education, the academic and vocational preparation of students for jobs involving applied science and modern technology. It emphasizes the understanding and practical application of basic principles of science and mathematics.

Why it is important??

Everyone is aware of the importance of technical education. It helps students to develop theoretical and practical knowledge. It improves the quality of living standard by producing trained and experienced manpower.

How it is managed ??

At present, Management of the Institution in India is three-pronged:

·         Direct Government Controlled Institutions.

·         Direct Financial Aided Institutions

·         Unaided Institution managed by private agencies from their own financial resources.

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